ENCYCLOPEDIA
BRITANNICA:
The gray matter of the cerebral cortex usually is divided
into four lobes, roughly defined by major surface folds; sometimes the limbic
system, or limbic lobe, is considered to be a fifth lobe.
The frontal lobe contains control centers for motor activity
and speech, the parietal for somatic senses (touch and position), and the
temporal for auditory reception and memory. The occipital lobe at the back of
the brain holds the brain’s major visual-reception area.
The frontal lobe is concerned with many of the components of
intelligence (foresight, planning, and comprehension), with mood, with motor
activity on the opposite side of the body, and (in the case of the dominant
hemisphere) with speech production.
Frontal lobe damage can affect people in any of several
ways, and the results are at once subtle and drastic. On the one hand, they may
have difficulty initiating behaviour, in extreme cases being virtually unable
to move or speak but more often simply having difficulty in getting started on
a task. On the other, they may perseverate, being apparently unable to step a
behaviour once started. Rather than appearing apathetic and hypoactive, they
are uninhibited, rude, and boorish. Such people may also have difficulty in
planning and problem solving and may be incapable of creative thinking.
Irritability and personality change are also frequently seen
after frontal lobe damage.
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